雾霾污染的空间外溢与治理政策的检验分析

以2006~2016年城市层面数据为样本,结合空间扩散效应深入探究雾霾污染的影响机理,并对已出台治霾政策的治理效果和传导机制进行识别.研究发现：考察期内我国雾霾污染具有一定时滞性、空间相关性和时空“警示作用”;以往环境规制由于诱发污染产业地区间就近转移对减霾贡献并未达到预期效果.“大气十条”的治霾效果明显,到2016年该政策的实施使重点关注的三大经济带PM_2.5显著降低约7.1%,其中,中部和东部区域政策实施城市治理效果最为显著;政策实施以来各地区环保部门通过对重污染企业的限产整治取得了降霾的短期治理效果,但对重污染企业的创新激励传导作用并不显著.因此,未来雾霾治理政策更需注重如何通过激发企业绿色技术创新从而建立根治雾霾污染的长效机制.     

船舶操控台控制界面人机工程设计标准研究

为了探讨船舶操控台控制界面人机工程设计标准制定的必要性和标准化建议,采用文献分类、汇总和分析的方法,对国内外控制界面人机工程设计标准的现状及船舶操控台控制界面人机工程设计标准化对象进行深入分析.当前针对控制界面的通用标准在应用于船舶操控台时,需要进行具体化和进一步细化,船舶控制界面应进行功能分组,控制界面上各装置应与操纵员特征耦合.因此,迫切需要在人机交互实验的基础上,研制船舶操控台控制界面人机工程设计标准.在研究借鉴国内外船舶操控台控制界面相关标准研制现状的基础上,提出了船舶操控台控制界面标准化工作建议.     

财政自主能力与碳经济绩效：产业结构升级的中介效应

本文基于1997-2016年中国省级动态面板数据,从产业结构升级视角实证分析了区域财政自主能力作用于碳经济绩效的影响机理。研究发现：产业结构升级在财政自主能力影响碳经济绩效中发挥了中介效应;在高分权地区,财政自主能力能够通过产业结构升级促进碳经济绩效的增长;在低分权地区,财政自主能力会抑制产业结构升级并对碳经济绩效产生不利影响。进一步研究发现,在非农产业占比与非国有企业占比较高的省（区、市）域,财政自主能力能够通过产业结构升级对碳经济绩效产生更强的促进作用。本研究结论能够对地方政府从自身财政自主能力推动产业结构升级,为实现区域经济增长和环境优化的协同发展的政策制定提供理论指导。     

中国省域空间单元绿色治理效率测度及其空间格局特征

全文构建广义面板三阶段DEA模型,实证测度2008～2019年我国31个省域绿色治理效率,基于外部环境和投影分析探究绿色治理的改进方向;利用空间自相关模型,判断省域绿色治理效率的潜在关联;通过空间引力模型、社会网络分析法,明确各省域绿色治理效率的空间关联规模,形成网络拓扑结构下的绿色治理效率社会网络.研究发现,中国省域...     

考虑环境因素的资源型城市转型效率分析——基于DEA方法和面板数据

当前资源型城市成功转型已成为构建和谐社会、实践科学发展观的关键问题，而对资源型城市当前转型状况的正确评价是制定资源型城市转型战略的基础，同时相对普通城市污染更为严重的资源型城市在转型过程中更应注重环境保护问题。运用数据包络分析方法结合熵值法对2000～2007年21个地级资源型城市转型效率进行分析，其中熵值法的运用是将“工业六废”统一转换为环境污染指数作为DEA模型的产出指标。分析结果表明：我国资源型城市转型效率基本呈上升趋势，分区域分析东部资源型城市转型效率最高，西部其次，中部最低，根据资源型城市类型分析，黑色金属加工类资源型城市转型效率最高     

Solar tracking system – a review

The generation of power from the reduction of fossil fuels is the biggest challenge for the next half century. The idea of converting solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic panels holds its place in the front row compared to other renewable sources. But the continuous change in the relative angle of the sun with reference to the earth reduces the watts delivered by solar panel. In this context solar tracking system is the best alternative to increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. Solar trackers move the payload towards the sun throughout the day. In this paper different types of tracking systems are reviewed and their pros and cons are discussed in detail. The results presented in this review confirm that the azimuth and altitude dual axis tracking system is more efficient compared to other tracking systems. However in cost and flexibility point of view single axis tracking system is more feasible than dual axis tracking system.     

Correcting for non-response bias in contingent valuation surveys concerning environmental non-market goods: an empirical investigation using an online panel

Data collection for economic valuation by using Internet surveys and pre-recruited Internet panels can be associated with severe disadvantages. Problems concerning sample coverage and sample representativeness can be expected. Representation errors may occur since people can choose whether to be part of an Internet panel and subsequently whether they wish to participate in the survey, thereby introducing two elements of potential self-selection. These elements may be correlated with preferences, thus making the respondents a non-random and non-representative sample, ultimately biasing results. This paper analyses a sample used for an Internet contingent valuation method survey eliciting preferences for improvements in water quality of a river. We find that some variables that affect the survey participation decision also affect willingness-to-pay, consequently biasing our welfare estimates. We show how adjusting willingness-to-pay for this bias can be accomplished by using a grouped data model incorporating a correlation parameter to account for selection.     

有限元截面法在外翼壁板内力计算中的应用

飞机机体结构的内力计算是其结构强度分析的重要技术手段之一。外翼壁板直接承受空气动力载荷并把它传递到机翼纵向和横向构件上。探讨有限元截面法在外翼壁板内力计算中的应用,从理论分析以及实际操作的角度,为壁板强度计算流程化设计提供一种工程化分析手段。     

Use of recycled natural fibres in industrial products: A comparative LCA case study on acoustic components in the Brazilian automotive sector

This paper summarizes the results and the lessons learnt from an LCA case study comparing acoustic automotive components. Three alternative acoustic components produced by the Brazilian automotive sector are considered: dual-layer polyurethane (DL-PU) panel, recycled textile absorption-barrier-absorption (ABA-cotton) panel and recycled textile DL (DL-cotton) panel. DL-PU is a “status-quo” alternative, composed mainly of synthetic plastics and the two other alternatives are mainly made of recycled cotton fibres. Using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, the three following phases of the panels’ life cycle are examined: production, use and end-of-life. For the latter, two end-of-life scenarios are analysed: landfill and incineration with energy recovery. For the LCA model, some Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) datasets have been adapted from the data available in the EcoInvent database in order to adjust to the Brazilian context. LCA results show that, within the entire life cycle, the DL-cotton option, which combines two layers of recycled fibres of different densities, is overall the best alternative from an environmental perspective. This result is therefore independent from the end-of-life scenario. This is mainly due to the lower weight of this component, which is extremely important for the transportation aspects, but also due to its lower consumption of fossil resources, to the energy saving during its production and to the avoidance of textile disposal that would happen otherwise. The obtained results confirm the available literature dealing with the use of renewable fibres in industrial products. The particular behaviour of recycled fibres compared to virgin ones (in terms of shared contribution of agricultural production and of avoidance of landfilling) is highlighted in this paper, thanks to the application of the “50/50” allocation rule. LCA results are discussed in terms of their potential use in an R&D context. Further research needs are also derived from the case study, including the potential benefits of developing multi-objective optimization methods that include environmental impact to be used in the design of such a component.     

中国省级CO2排放影响因素的空间计量分析

提出面板数据空间误差分量模型,采用基于广义矩1估计的可行广义最小二乘法估计方法,研究1997-2007年间,我国省级CO2排放的影响因素.实证结果表明,我国省级CO2排放量存在显著的正向空间相关性,CO2排放较多的省份往往会影响邻近地区的CO2排放；CO2排放量与人均GDP呈倒N型环境库兹涅兹曲线.未考虑空间相关性时,CO2排放转折点为人均GDP 51 73O元,我国目前仍处于CO2排放量上升期；采用面板数据空间误差分量模型修正后,CO2排放下降转折点为人均GDP约53 237元,较未考虑空间因素时有所提高,省际间的空间相互影响,对CO2排放下降转折点的人均GDP提出更高的要求；实证研究结果同时显示,煤炭消费比重提高及人口数量增大,都将显著增加我国CO2排放量,体现优化能源结构和控制人口增长对抑制CO2排放增长的重要性.